Veda-skrifterna innehåller vetenskap inom de mest varierande ämnen, exempelvis så har det medicinska systemet Ayurveda blivit ganska så känt i västvärlden på senare år. Andra ämnen som behandlas i Veda är krigsföring, konst, politik, astrologi och matematik, m m.
Enligt Veda så finns det 8 400 000 olika livsformer i universum. Människan är en av dessa arter. Men även den mänskliga livsformen kan delas upp i olika underarter, beroende på hur pass avancerad nivå inom kultur och civilisation hon har uppnått.
Det kan vara värt att notera att det moderna samhällets måttstock, dvs ju mer avancerad teknologi och komplex ekonomi desto högre civilisationsnivå, inte nödvändigtvis gäller här. I Veda bedöms människan efter sin filosofiska och andliga utveckling.
I Veda talas det faktiskt också om evolution, men det är en evolutionslära som skiljer sig från Darwins så omhuldade teori. Enligt Veda så innebär evolutionsprocessen andesjälens förflyttning från lägre till högre livsarter. Andesjälen börjar alltså sin materiella existens i lägre livsformer inom växt och djurriket, vandrar såsmåningom från lägre till högre utvecklade djurkroppar, för att slutligen födas som människa. Andesjälen förblir densamma, men kropparna hon tillfälligt bebor varierar. Människolivet kan sägas utgöra en skiljeväg. Lagen om karma, dvs handling och återverkan, gäller inte bland de lägre livsarterna, såsom djuren.
Djuren har inget högre förnuft, utan är tvungna att handla efter kroppens instinkter. Människan har däremot begåvats med en högre tankeförmåga, och hon förmodas använda den på ett förnuftigt sätt.
I Veda förklaras att den som handlar enligt religiösa och moraliska principer kan efter den nuvarande kroppens död fortsätta att avancera inom universum, till en födsel på de himmelska planeterna, vars innevånare står mycket högre än människan. Slösar man däremot bort den möjlighet som människolivet ger, så faller man åter ned till de lägre livsarterna. Det är detta vandrande upp och ner bland olika livsarter som på sanskrit kallas samsara-dharma.
Humans in general can be roughly categorized into six general types according to their social, cultural and spiritual advancement (Bhaktivinoda Thakura: Vaishnava-siddhanta-mala, ch.7):
1) Uncivilized tribes like the Pulindas (aborigines) and the Sabaras (mountain people), etc.
"Kirata, Huna, Andhra, Pulinda, Pulkasa, Abhira, Sumbha, Yavana, members of the Khasa races and even others addicted to sinful acts can be purified by taking shelter of the devotees of the Lord, due to His being the supreme power. I beg to offer my respectful obeisances unto Him." (SB 2.4.18)
"Kirata, Huna, Andhra, Pulinda, Pulkasa, Abhira, Sumbha, Yavana, members of the Khasa races and even others addicted to sinful acts can be purified by taking shelter of the devotees of the Lord, due to His being the supreme power. I beg to offer my respectful obeisances unto Him." (SB 2.4.18)
2) Civilized races with developed materialistic knowledge and science, as well as an emphasis on industrialized production; they do not know what is proper moral conduct, nor do they have actual faith in God; these are the characteristics of the mlecchas (meat-eating races), etc.
"My dear Thakura Haridasa, in this age of Kali most people are bereft of Vedic culture, and therefore they are called yavanas. They are concerned only with killing cows and brahminical culture. In this way they all engage in sinful acts. (Caitanya-caritamrta, Antya 3.50)
"My dear Thakura Haridasa, in this age of Kali most people are bereft of Vedic culture, and therefore they are called yavanas. They are concerned only with killing cows and brahminical culture. In this way they all engage in sinful acts. (Caitanya-caritamrta, Antya 3.50)
3) Those who have no personal God but are very fond of the natural beauty of the material world, like the Buddhists, etc.
"Then, in the beginning of Kali-yuga, the Lord will appear as Lord Buddha, the son of Anjana, in the province of Gaya, just for the purpose of deluding those who are envious of the faithful theist." (SB 1.3.24)
"The scriptures of the Buddhist cult are chiefly based on argument and logic, and they contain nine chief principles. Because Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu defeated them in their argument, they could not establish their cult."(Caitanya-caritamrta, Madhya-lila 9.49)
"Then, in the beginning of Kali-yuga, the Lord will appear as Lord Buddha, the son of Anjana, in the province of Gaya, just for the purpose of deluding those who are envious of the faithful theist." (SB 1.3.24)
"The scriptures of the Buddhist cult are chiefly based on argument and logic, and they contain nine chief principles. Because Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu defeated them in their argument, they could not establish their cult."(Caitanya-caritamrta, Madhya-lila 9.49)
4) Those whose ethics are endowed with a philosophy and faith of an imaginary God, like the karma-vadis (worshipers of various demigods, etc., who do good with the hope of being elevated to higher planets. This is called imaginary because they believe various demigods to be the Supreme Personality of Godhead.).
"Those whose intelligence has been stolen by material desires surrender unto demigods and follow the particular rules and regulations of worship according to their own natures." (BG 7.20)
"Men of small intelligence worship the demigods, and their fruits are limited and temporary. Those who worship the demigods go to the planets of the demigods, but My devotees ultimately reach My supreme planet." (BG 7.23)
"Those whose intelligence has been stolen by material desires surrender unto demigods and follow the particular rules and regulations of worship according to their own natures." (BG 7.20)
"Men of small intelligence worship the demigods, and their fruits are limited and temporary. Those who worship the demigods go to the planets of the demigods, but My devotees ultimately reach My supreme planet." (BG 7.23)
5) Those worshipers who accept the true Lord of Creation, but do not perform devotional service unto Him.
"Persons who want to advance in superior religion are advised to give up all envy of other living entities, whether in relationship to the body, words or mind. There is no religion superior to this." (SB 7.15.8)
"Persons who want to advance in superior religion are advised to give up all envy of other living entities, whether in relationship to the body, words or mind. There is no religion superior to this." (SB 7.15.8)
6) Those who are fond of the nirvisesa-vada (doctrine of ultimate impersonal oneness), like the jnana-vadis (those who practice the path of intellectually-wrangled spiritual knowledge).
"Mayavada philosophy is disguised buddhism. My dear Devi, I [Shiva], in the form of brahmana, will teach it in Kali-yuga." (Padma Purana, Uttara khanda, 25.7)"O lotus-eyed Lord, although nondevotees who accept severe austerities and penances to achieve the highest position may think themselves liberated, their intelligence is impure. They fall down from this position of imagined superiority because they have no regard for Your lotus feet." (SB 10.2.32)
"Mayavada philosophy is disguised buddhism. My dear Devi, I [Shiva], in the form of brahmana, will teach it in Kali-yuga." (Padma Purana, Uttara khanda, 25.7)"O lotus-eyed Lord, although nondevotees who accept severe austerities and penances to achieve the highest position may think themselves liberated, their intelligence is impure. They fall down from this position of imagined superiority because they have no regard for Your lotus feet." (SB 10.2.32)
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